为你的 Flutter 应用加入交互体验

如何修改您的应用程序以使其对用户输入做出反应？在本教程中，您将为仅包含非交互式 widget 的应用程序添加交互性。具体来说，您将通过创建一个管理两个无状态 widget 的自定义有状态 widget，修改一个图标实现使其可点击。

How do you modify your app to make it react to user input? In this tutorial, you’ll add interactivity to an app that contains only non-interactive widgets. Specifically, you’ll modify an icon to make it tappable by creating a custom stateful widget that manages two stateless widgets.

[Layout tutorial][] 中展示了如何构建下面截图所示的布局。

The [building layouts tutorial][] showed you how to create the layout for the following screenshot.

当应用第一次启动时，这个星形图标是实心红色，表明这个湖以前已经被收藏过了。星号旁边的数字表示 41 个人已经收藏了此湖。完成本教程后，点击星形图标将取消收藏状态，然后用轮廓线的星形图标代替实心的，并减少计数。再次点击会重新收藏，并增加计数。

When the app first launches, the star is solid red, indicating that this lake has previously been favorited. The number next to the star indicates that 41 people have favorited this lake. After completing this tutorial, tapping the star removes its favorited status, replacing the solid star with an outline and decreasing the count. Tapping again favorites the lake, drawing a solid star and increasing the count.

为了实现这个，您将创建一个包含星形图标和计数的自定义 widget，它们都是 widget。因为点击星形图标会更改这两个 widget 的状态，所以同一个 widget 应该同时管理这两个 widget。

To accomplish this, you’ll create a single custom widget that includes both the star and the count, which are themselves widgets. Tapping the star changes state for both widgets, so the same widget should manage both.

您可以直接查看 第二步: 创建 StatefulWidget 的子类。如果您想尝试不同的管理状态方式，请跳至 状态管理。

You can get right to touching the code in Step 2: Subclass StatefulWidget. If you want to try different ways of managing state, skip to [Managing state][].

有状态和无状态的 widgets

Stateful and stateless widgets

有些 widgets 是有状态的, 有些是无状态的。如果用户与 widget 交互，widget 会发生变化，那么它就是 有状态的。

A widget is either stateful or stateless. If a widget can change—when a user interacts with it, for example—it’s stateful.

无状态的 widget 自身无法改变。 [Icon][]、[IconButton][] 和 [Text][] 都是无状态 widget，它们都是 [StatelessWidget][] 的子类。

A stateless widget never changes. [Icon][], [IconButton][], and [Text][] are examples of stateless widgets. Stateless widgets subclass [StatelessWidget][].

而 有状态的 widget 自身是可动态改变的（基于State）。例如，可以通过与用户的交互或是随着数据的改变而导致外观形态的变化。 [Checkbox][]、[Radio][]、[Slider][]、 [InkWell][]、[Form][] 和 [TextField][] 都是有状态 widget，它们都是 [StatefulWidget][] 的子类。

A stateful widget is dynamic: for example, it can change its appearance in response to events triggered by user interactions or when it receives data. Checkbox, [Radio][], [Slider][], [InkWell][], [Form][], and [TextField][] are examples of stateful widgets. Stateful widgets subclass [StatefulWidget][].

一个 widget 的状态保存在一个 [State][] 对象中, 它和 widget 的显示分离。 Widget 的状态是一些可以更改的值, 如一个滑动条的当前值或一个复选框是否被选中。当 widget 状态改变时, State 对象调用 setState(), 告诉框架去重绘 widget。

A widget’s state is stored in a [State][] object, separating the widget’s state from its appearance. The state consists of values that can change, like a slider’s current value or whether a checkbox is checked. When the widget’s state changes, the state object calls setState(), telling the framework to redraw the widget.

创建一个有状态的 widget

Creating a stateful widget

在本节中，您将创建一个自定义有状态的 widget。您将使用一个自定义有状态 widget 来替换两个无状态 widget — 红色实心星形图标和其旁边的数字计数— 该 widget 用两个子 widget 管理一行 IconButton 和 Text。

In this section, you’ll create a custom stateful widget. You’ll replace two stateless widgets—the solid red star and the numeric count next to it—with a single custom stateful widget that manages a row with two children widgets: an IconButton and Text.

实现一个自定义的有状态 widget 需要创建两个类:

Implementing a custom stateful widget requires creating two classes:

• 一个 StatefulWidget 的子类，用来定义一个 widget 类。

  A subclass of StatefulWidget that defines the widget.

• 一个 State 的子类，包含该widget状态并定义该 widget 的 build() 方法.

  A subclass of State that contains the state for that widget and defines the widget’s build() method.

这一节展示如何为 Lakes 应用程序构建一个名为 FavoriteWidget 的 StatefulWidget。第一步是选择如何管理 FavoriteWidget 的状态。

This section shows you how to build a stateful widget, called FavoriteWidget, for the lakes app. After setting up, your first step is choosing how state is managed for FavoriteWidget.

步骤 0: 开始

Step 0: Get ready

如果你已经在 [Layout tutorial (step 6)][] 中成功创建了应用程序，你可以跳过下面的部分。

If you’ve already built the app in the [building layouts tutorial (step 6)][], skip to the next section.

1. 确保你已经 [设置][set up] 好了你的环境.

   Make sure you’ve [set up][] your environment.

2. [创建一个基础的 Flutter 应用 —— “Hello World”][hello-world]

   [Create a basic “Hello World” Flutter app][hello-world].

3. 用 GitHub 上的 [main.dart][] 替换 lib/main.dart 文件。

   Replace the lib/main.dart file with [main.dart][].

4. 用 GitHub 上的 [pubspec.yaml][] 替换 pubspec.yaml 文件。

   Replace the pubspec.yaml file with [pubspec.yaml][].

5. 在你的工程中创建一个 images 文件夹, 并添加 [lake.jpg][]。

   Create an images directory in your project, and add [lake.jpg][].

如果你有一个连接并可用的设备，或者你已经启动了 [iOS 模拟器][iOS simulator] 或者 Android 模拟器 （Flutter 安装部分介绍过），你就可以开始了！

Once you have a connected and enabled device, or you’ve launched the [iOS simulator][] (part of the Flutter install) or the Android emulator (part of the Android Studio install), you are good to go!

Step 1: 决定哪个对象管理 widget 的状态

Step 1: Decide which object manages the widget’s state

一个 widget 的状态可以通过多种方式进行管理，但在我们的示例中，widget 本身——FavoriteWidget——将管理自己的状态。在这个例子中，切换星形图标是一个独立的操作，不会影响父窗口 widget 或其他用户界面，因此该 widget 可以在内部处理它自己的状态。

A widget’s state can be managed in several ways, but in our example the widget itself, FavoriteWidget, will manage its own state. In this example, toggling the star is an isolated action that doesn’t affect the parent widget or the rest of the UI, so the widget can handle its state internally.

你可以在 [状态管理][Managing state] 中了解更多关于 widget 和状态的分离以及如何管理状态的信息。

Learn more about the separation of widget and state, and how state might be managed, in [Managing state][].

Step 2: 创建 StatefulWidget 的子类

Step 2: Subclass StatefulWidget

FavoriteWidget 类管理自己的状态，因此它通过重写 createState() 来创建状态对象。框架会在构建 widget 时调用 createState()。在这个例子中，createState() 创建 _FavoriteWidgetState 的实例，您将在下一步中实现该实例。

The FavoriteWidget class manages its own state, so it overrides createState() to create a State object. The framework calls createState() when it wants to build the widget. In this example, createState() returns an instance of _FavoriteWidgetState, which you’ll implement in the next step.

class FavoriteWidget extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _FavoriteWidgetState createState() => _FavoriteWidgetState();
}

Step 3: 创建 State 的子类

Step 3: Subclass State

_FavoriteWidgetState 类存储可变信息；可以在 widget 的生命周期内改变逻辑和内部状态。当应用第一次启动时，用户界面显示一个红色实心的星星形图标，表明该湖已经被收藏，并有 41 个“喜欢”。状态对象存储这些信息在 _isFavorited 和 _favoriteCount 变量中。

The _FavoriteWidgetState class stores the mutable data that can change over the lifetime of the widget. When the app first launches, the UI displays a solid red star, indicating that the lake has “favorite” status, along with 41 likes. These values are stored in the _isFavorited and _favoriteCount fields:

class _FavoriteWidgetState extends State<FavoriteWidget> {
  bool _isFavorited = true;
  int _favoriteCount = 41;
  // ···
}

状态对象也定义了 build() 方法。这个 build() 方法创建一个包含红色 IconButton 和 Text 的行。该 widget 使用 [IconButton][]（而不是 Icon），因为它具有一个 onPressed 属性，该属性定义了处理点击的回调方法（_toggleFavorite）。你将会在接下来的步骤中尝试定义它。

The class also defines a build() method, which creates a row containing a red IconButton, and Text. You use [IconButton][] (instead of Icon) because it has an onPressed property that defines the callback function (_toggleFavorite) for handling a tap. You’ll define the callback function next.

class _FavoriteWidgetState extends State<FavoriteWidget> {
  // ···
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Row(
      mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
      children: [
        Container(
          padding: EdgeInsets.all(0),
          child: IconButton(
            padding: EdgeInsets.all(0),
            alignment: Alignment.centerRight,
            icon: (_isFavorited ? Icon(Icons.star) : Icon(Icons.star_border)),
            color: Colors.red[500],
            onPressed: _toggleFavorite,
          ),
        ),
        SizedBox(
          width: 18,
          child: Container(
            child: Text('$_favoriteCount'),
          ),
        ),
      ],
    );
  }
}

按下 IconButton 时会调用 _toggleFavorite() 方法，然后它会调用 setState()。调用 setState() 是至关重要的，因为这告诉框架， widget 的状态已经改变，应该重绘。 setState() 在如下两种状态中切换 UI：

The _toggleFavorite() method, which is called when the IconButton is pressed, calls setState(). Calling setState() is critical, because this tells the framework that the widget’s state has changed and that the widget should be redrawn. The function argument to setState() toggles the UI between these two states:

• 实心的星形图标和数字 41

  A star icon and the number 41

• 轮廓线的星形图标 star_border 和数字 40 之间切换 UI

  A star_border icon and the number 40

void _toggleFavorite() {
  setState(() {
    if (_isFavorited) {
      _favoriteCount -= 1;
      _isFavorited = false;
    } else {
      _favoriteCount += 1;
      _isFavorited = true;
    }
  });
}

Step 4: 将有 stateful widget 插入 widget 树中

Step 4: Plug the stateful widget into the widget tree

将您自定义 stateful widget 在 build() 方法中添加到 widget 树中。首先，找到创建 Icon 和 Text 的代码，并删除它，在相同的位置创建有状态的 widget：

Add your custom stateful widget to the widget tree in the app’s build() method. First, locate the code that creates the Icon and Text, and delete it. In the same location, create the stateful widget:

就是这样！当您热重载应用后，星形图标就会响应点击了.

That’s it! When you hot reload the app, the star icon should now respond to taps.

有问题?

Problems?

如果您的代码无法运行，请在 IDE 中查找可能的错误。 调试 Flutter 应用程序 可能会有所帮助。如果仍然无法找到问题，请根据 GitHub 上的示例检查代码。

If you can’t get your code to run, look in your IDE for possible errors. Debugging Flutter apps might help. If you still can’t find the problem, check your code against the interactive lakes example on GitHub.

• lib/main.dart
• pubspec.yaml
• lakes.jpg

如果您仍有问题, 可以咨询 社区 中的任何一位开发者。

If you still have questions, refer to any one of the developer [community][] channels.

本页面的其余部分介绍了可以管理 widget 状态的几种方式，并列出了其他可用的可交互的 widget。

The rest of this page covers several ways a widget’s state can be managed, and lists other available interactive widgets.

状态管理

Managing state

谁管理着 stateful widget 的状态？widget 本身？父 widget？双方？另一个对象？答案是…… 这取决于实际情况。有几种有效的方法可以给你的 widget 加入交互。作为 widget 设计师，你可以基于你所期待的表现 widget 的方式来做决定。以下是一些管理状态的最常见的方法：

Who manages the stateful widget’s state? The widget itself? The parent widget? Both? Another object? The answer is… it depends. There are several valid ways to make your widget interactive. You, as the widget designer, make the decision based on how you expect your widget to be used. Here are the most common ways to manage state:

• widget 管理自己的状态

  The widget manages its own state

• 父 widget 管理此 widget 的状态

  The parent manages the widget’s state

• 混搭管理

  A mix-and-match approach

如何决定使用哪种管理方法？以下原则可以帮助您决定：

How do you decide which approach to use? The following principles should help you decide:

• 如果状态是用户数据，如复选框的选中状态、滑块的位置，则该状态最好由父 widget 管理。

  If the state in question is user data, for example the checked or unchecked mode of a checkbox, or the position of a slider, then the state is best managed by the parent widget.

• 如果所讨论的状态是有关界面外观效果的，例如动画，那么状态最好由 widget 本身来管理。

  If the state in question is aesthetic, for example an animation, then the state is best managed by the widget itself.

如果有疑问，首选是在父 widget 中管理状态。

If in doubt, start by managing state in the parent widget.

我们将通过创建三个简单示例来举例说明管理状态的不同方式：TapboxA、TapboxB 和 TapboxC。这些例子功能是相似的 - 每创建一个容器，当点击时，在绿色或灰色框之间切换。 _active 确定颜色：绿色为 true,灰色为 false。

We’ll give examples of the different ways of managing state by creating three simple examples: TapboxA, TapboxB, and TapboxC. The examples all work similarly—each creates a container that, when tapped, toggles between a green or grey box. The _active boolean determines the color: green for active or grey for inactive.

这些示例使用 [GestureDetector][] 捕获 Container 上的用户动作。

These examples use [GestureDetector][] to capture activity on the Container.

widget 管理自己的状态

The widget manages its own state

有时，widget 在内部管理其状态是最好的。例如，当 [ListView][] 的内容超过渲染框时， ListView 自动滚动。大多数使用 ListView 的开发人员不想管理 ListView 的滚动行为，因此 ListView 本身管理其滚动偏移量。

Sometimes it makes the most sense for the widget to manage its state internally. For example, [ListView][] automatically scrolls when its content exceeds the render box. Most developers using ListView don’t want to manage ListView’s scrolling behavior, so ListView itself manages its scroll offset.

_TapboxAState 类:

The _TapboxAState class:

• 管理 TapboxA 的状态.

  Manages state for TapboxA.

• 定义布尔值 _active 确定盒子的当前颜色.

  Defines the _active boolean which determines the box’s current color.

• 定义 _handleTap() 函数，该函数在点击该盒子时更新 _active,并调用 setState() 更新 UI。

  Defines the _handleTap() function, which updates _active when the box is tapped and calls the setState() function to update the UI.

• 实现 widget 的所有交互式行为.

  Implements all interactive behavior for the widget.

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

// TapboxA manages its own state.

// TapboxA 管理自身状态.

//------------------------- TapboxA ----------------------------------

class TapboxA extends StatefulWidget {
  TapboxA({Key? key}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  _TapboxAState createState() => _TapboxAState();
}

class _TapboxAState extends State<TapboxA> {
  bool _active = false;

  void _handleTap() {
    setState(() {
      _active = !_active;
    });
  }

  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return GestureDetector(
      onTap: _handleTap,
      child: Container(
        child: Center(
          child: Text(
            _active ? 'Active' : 'Inactive',
            style: TextStyle(fontSize: 32.0, color: Colors.white),
          ),
        ),
        width: 200.0,
        height: 200.0,
        decoration: BoxDecoration(
          color: _active ? Colors.lightGreen[700] : Colors.grey[600],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

//------------------------- MyApp ----------------------------------

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      home: Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: Text('Flutter Demo'),
        ),
        body: Center(
          child: TapboxA(),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

父 widget 管理 widget 的 state

The parent widget manages the widget’s state

一般来说父 widget 管理状态并告诉其子 widget 何时更新通常是最合适的。例如，[IconButton][] 允许您将图标视为可点按的按钮。 IconButton 是一个无状态 widget，因为我们认为父 widget 需要知道该按钮是否被点击来采取相应的处理。

Often it makes the most sense for the parent widget to manage the state and tell its child widget when to update. For example, [IconButton][] allows you to treat an icon as a tappable button. IconButton is a stateless widget because we decided that the parent widget needs to know whether the button has been tapped, so it can take appropriate action.

在以下示例中，TapboxB 通过回调将其状态到其父类。由于 TapboxB 不管理任何状态，因此它继承自 StatelessWidget。

In the following example, TapboxB exports its state to its parent through a callback. Because TapboxB doesn’t manage any state, it subclasses StatelessWidget.

ParentWidgetState 类：

The ParentWidgetState class:

• 为 TapboxB 管理 _active 状态；

  Manages the _active state for TapboxB.

• 实现 _handleTapboxChanged()，当盒子被点击时调用的方法；

  Implements _handleTapboxChanged(), the method called when the box is tapped.

• 当状态改变时，调用 setState() 更新 UI。

  When the state changes, calls setState() to update the UI.

TapboxB 类：

The TapboxB class:

• 继承 StatelessWidget 类，因为所有状态都由其父 widget 处理；

  Extends StatelessWidget because all state is handled by its parent.

• 当检测到点击时，它会通知父 widget。

  When a tap is detected, it notifies the parent.

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

// ParentWidget manages the state for TapboxB.

// ParentWidget 为 TapboxB 管理状态.

//------------------------ ParentWidget --------------------------------


class ParentWidget extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _ParentWidgetState createState() => _ParentWidgetState();
}

class _ParentWidgetState extends State<ParentWidget> {
  bool _active = false;

  void _handleTapboxChanged(bool newValue) {
    setState(() {
      _active = newValue;
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Container(
      child: TapboxB(
        active: _active,
        onChanged: _handleTapboxChanged,
      ),
    );
  }
}

//------------------------- TapboxB ----------------------------------

class TapboxB extends StatelessWidget {
  TapboxB({Key? key, this.active: false, required this.onChanged})
      : super(key: key);

  final bool active;
  final ValueChanged<bool> onChanged;

  void _handleTap() {
    onChanged(!active);
  }

  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return GestureDetector(
      onTap: _handleTap,
      child: Container(
        child: Center(
          child: Text(
            active ? 'Active' : 'Inactive',
            style: TextStyle(fontSize: 32.0, color: Colors.white),
          ),
        ),
        width: 200.0,
        height: 200.0,
        decoration: BoxDecoration(
          color: active ? Colors.lightGreen[700] : Colors.grey[600],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

混搭管理

A mix-and-match approach

对于一些 widget 来说，混搭管理的方法最合适的。在这种情况下，有状态的 widget 自己管理一些状态，同时父 widget 管理其他方面的状态。

For some widgets, a mix-and-match approach makes the most sense. In this scenario, the stateful widget manages some of the state, and the parent widget manages other aspects of the state.

在 TapboxC 示例中，点击时，盒子的周围会出现一个深绿色的边框。点击时，边框消失，盒子的颜色改变。 TapboxC 将其 _active 状态导出到其父 widget 中，但在内部管理其 _highlight 状态。这个例子有两个状态对象 _ParentWidgetState 和 _TapboxCState。

In the TapboxC example, on tap down, a dark green border appears around the box. On tap up, the border disappears and the box’s color changes. TapboxC exports its _active state to its parent but manages its _highlight state internally. This example has two State objects, _ParentWidgetState and _TapboxCState.

_ParentWidgetState 对象:

The _ParentWidgetState object:

• 管理_active 状态。

  Manages the _active state.

• 实现 _handleTapboxChanged(), 此方法在盒子被点击时调用。

  Implements _handleTapboxChanged(), the method called when the box is tapped.

• 当点击盒子并且 _active 状态改变时调用 setState() 来更新 UI。

  Calls setState() to update the UI when a tap occurs and the _active state changes.

_TapboxCState 对象:

The _TapboxCState object:

• 管理 _highlight state。

  Manages the _highlight state.

• GestureDetector 监听所有 tap 事件。当用户点下时，它添加高亮（深绿色边框）；当用户释放时，会移除高亮。

  The GestureDetector listens to all tap events. As the user taps down, it adds the highlight (implemented as a dark green border). As the user releases the tap, it removes the highlight.

• 当按下、抬起、或者取消点击时更新 _highlight 状态，调用 setState() 更新UI。

  Calls setState() to update the UI on tap down, tap up, or tap cancel, and the _highlight state changes.

• 当点击时，[widget][] 属性将状态的改变传递给父 widget 并进行合适的操作。

  On a tap event, passes that state change to the parent widget to take appropriate action using the [widget][] property.

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

//---------------------------- ParentWidget ----------------------------

class ParentWidget extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _ParentWidgetState createState() => _ParentWidgetState();
}

class _ParentWidgetState extends State<ParentWidget> {
  bool _active = false;

  void _handleTapboxChanged(bool newValue) {
    setState(() {
      _active = newValue;
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Container(
      child: TapboxC(
        active: _active,
        onChanged: _handleTapboxChanged,
      ),
    );
  }
}

//----------------------------- TapboxC ------------------------------

class TapboxC extends StatefulWidget {
  TapboxC({
    Key? key,
    this.active: false,
    required this.onChanged,
  }) : super(key: key);

  final bool active;
  final ValueChanged<bool> onChanged;

  _TapboxCState createState() => _TapboxCState();
}

class _TapboxCState extends State<TapboxC> {
  bool _highlight = false;

  void _handleTapDown(TapDownDetails details) {
    setState(() {
      _highlight = true;
    });
  }

  void _handleTapUp(TapUpDetails details) {
    setState(() {
      _highlight = false;
    });
  }

  void _handleTapCancel() {
    setState(() {
      _highlight = false;
    });
  }

  void _handleTap() {
    widget.onChanged(!widget.active);
  }

  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // This example adds a green border on tap down.
    // On tap up, the square changes to the opposite state.
    return GestureDetector(
      onTapDown: _handleTapDown, // Handle the tap events in the order that
      onTapUp: _handleTapUp, // they occur: down, up, tap, cancel
      onTap: _handleTap,
      onTapCancel: _handleTapCancel,
      child: Container(
        child: Center(
          child: Text(widget.active ? 'Active' : 'Inactive',
              style: TextStyle(fontSize: 32.0, color: Colors.white)),
        ),
        width: 200.0,
        height: 200.0,
        decoration: BoxDecoration(
          color: widget.active ? Colors.lightGreen[700] : Colors.grey[600],
          border: _highlight
              ? Border.all(
                  color: Colors.teal[700]!,
                  width: 10.0,
                )
              : null,
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

另一种实现可能会将高亮状态导出到父 widget，同时保持 active 状态为内部，但如果你要求某人使用该 TapBox，他们可能会抱怨说没有多大意义。开发人员只会关心该框是否处于活动状态。开发人员可能不在乎高亮显示是如何管理的，并且倾向于让 TapBox 处理这些细节。

An alternate implementation might have exported the highlight state to the parent while keeping the active state internal, but if you asked someone to use that tap box, they’d probably complain that it doesn’t make much sense. The developer cares whether the box is active. The developer probably doesn’t care how the highlighting is managed, and prefers that the tap box handles those details.

其他交互式 widgets

Other interactive widgets

Flutter 提供各种按钮和类似的交互式 widget。这些 widget 中的大多数都实现了 [Material Design guidelines][]，它们定义了一组具有质感的 UI 组件。

Flutter offers a variety of buttons and similar interactive widgets. Most of these widgets implement the [Material Design guidelines][], which define a set of components with an opinionated UI.

如果你愿意，你可以使用 [GestureDetector][] 来给任何自定义 widget 添加交互性。您可以在 管理状态 和 [Flutter Gallery][] 中找到 GestureDetector 的示例。

If you prefer, you can use [GestureDetector][] to build interactivity into any custom widget. You can find examples of GestureDetector in [Managing state][]. Learn more about the GestureDetector in [Handle taps][], a recipe in the Flutter cookbook.

当你需要交互性时，最容易的是使用预制的 widget。这是预置 widget 部分列表:

When you need interactivity, it’s easiest to use one of the prefabricated widgets. Here’s a partial list:

标准 widgets

Standard widgets

• [Form][]
• [FormField][]

Material 组件

Material Components

• Checkbox
• DropdownButton
• TextButton
• FloatingActionButton
• [IconButton][]
• [Radio][]
• [ElevatedButton][]
• [Slider][]
• [Switch][]
• [TextField][]

资源

Resources

以下资源可能会在给您的应用添加交互的时候有所帮助。

The following resources might help when adding interactivity to your app.

[手势][Gestures]，Flutter 实用教程 里的一个节。

[Gestures][], a section in the Flutter cookbook.

[处理手势][Handling gestures], [widgets 介绍][Introduction to widgets] 文档中一部分
如何创建一个按钮并使其响应用户动作.

[Handling gestures][], a section in [Introduction to widgets][]
How to create a button and make it respond to input.

[点击、拖动和其他手势][Gestures in Flutter]
Flutter 手势机制的描述

[Gestures in Flutter][]
A description of Flutter’s gesture mechanism.

Flutter API documentation
所有 Flutter 库的参考文档.

Flutter API documentation
Reference documentation for all of the Flutter libraries.

[Flutter Gallery][running app] 应用，[代码仓库][repo]
一个 Demo 应用程序，展示了许多 Material 和其他 Flutter 功能

Flutter Gallery [running app][], [repo][]
Demo app showcasing many Material components and other Flutter features.

[Flutter的分层设计][] (视频)
此视频包含有关有状态和无状态 widget 的信息。由 Google 工程师 Ian Hickson 讲解。

[Flutter的分层设计]https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1b441157vV [FormField]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/widgets/FormField-class.html [Form]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/widgets/Form-class.html [foundation library]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/foundation/foundation-library.html [GestureDetector]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/widgets/GestureDetector-class.html [Gestures]: /docs/cookbook/gestures [Gestures in Flutter]: /docs/development/ui/advanced/gestures [Handling gestures]: /docs/development/ui/widgets-intro#handling-gestures [hello-world]: /docs/get-started/codelab#step-1-create-the-starter-flutter-app [IconButton]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/material/IconButton-class.html [Icon]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/widgets/Icon-class.html [InkWell]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/material/InkWell-class.html [Introduction to widgets]: /docs/development/ui/widgets-intro [iOS simulator]: /docs/get-started/install/macos#set-up-the-ios-simulator [building layouts tutorial]: /docs/development/ui/layout/tutorial [building layouts tutorial (step 6)]: /docs/development/ui/layout/tutorial#step-6-final-touch [community]: /community [Handle taps]: /docs/cookbook/gestures/handling-taps [lake.jpg]: https://github.com/cfug/flutter.cn/tree/master/null_safety_examples/layout/lakes/step6/images/lake.jpg Libraries and visibility: https://dart.cn/guides/language/language-tour#libraries-and-visibility [ListView]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/widgets/ListView-class.html [main.dart]: https://github.com/cfug/flutter.cn/tree/master/null_safety_examples/layout/lakes/step6/lib/main.dart [Managing state]: #managing-state [Material Design guidelines]: https://material-io.cn/design/guidelines-overview [meta.dart]: https://pub.flutter-io.cn/packages/meta [pubspec.yaml]: https://github.com/cfug/flutter.cn/tree/master/null_safety_examples/layout/lakes/step6/pubspec.yaml [Radio]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/material/Radio-class.html [ElevatedButton]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/material/ElevatedButton-class.html [repo]: https://github.com/flutter/gallery [running app]: https://gallery.flutter.cn [set up]: /docs/get-started/install [SizedBox]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/widgets/SizedBox-class.html [Slider]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/material/Slider-class.html [State]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/widgets/State-class.html [StatefulWidget]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/widgets/StatefulWidget-class.html [StatelessWidget]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/widgets/StatelessWidget-class.html [Switch]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/material/Switch-class.html [TextField]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/material/TextField-class.html [Text]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/widgets/Text-class.html [widget]: https://api.flutter-io.cn/flutter/widgets/State/widget.html

Flutter’s Layered Design (video)
This video includes information about state and stateless widgets. Presented by Google engineer, Ian Hickson.